Bipolar Disorder in Children: Symptoms, Treatment, and Support
Bipolar disorder is a mental illness characterized by extreme mood shifts. A person experiences periods of elevated mood (mania or hypomania) where they feel highly energetic and happy, followed by periods of deep sadness, hopelessness, and sluggishness (depression). Between these episodes, behavior may appear normal. Because of these opposing emotional states, the condition is known as “bipolar” disorder, also called manic depression.
Bipolar Disorder in Children
While bipolar disorder typically develops in late adolescence or early adulthood, in rare cases, children as young as six years old may be diagnosed. However, diagnosing bipolar disorder in young children can be challenging, and misdiagnosis is a concern. Many symptoms overlap with other conditions, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
It’s essential to seek a second opinion, particularly if medication is recommended. ADHD medications, for instance, can trigger manic episodes in children with undiagnosed bipolar disorder. A thorough evaluation by a mental health professional is crucial for an accurate diagnosis.
Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder in Children
Bipolar disorder presents differently in children than in adults. Instead of long cycles of mania and depression lasting weeks or months, children may experience rapid mood shifts—even multiple times a day.
Common symptoms include:
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Manic Symptoms:
- Extreme irritability or mood swings
- Decreased need for sleep without feeling tired
- Racing thoughts and rapid speech
- Impulsivity and risky behavior
- Hallucinations or delusions in severe cases
-
Depressive Symptoms:
- Persistent sadness or withdrawal from activities
- Fatigue and low energy
- Difficulty concentrating
- Suicidal thoughts or self-harm tendencies
Treatment Options
Medication
If medication is prescribed, it’s essential to monitor your child for side effects, as most bipolar medications are tested primarily in adults. Some medications may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts, so ongoing communication with your child’s doctor is vital.
For school-aged children, coordinating with teachers and the school nurse can help ensure proper medication management.
Therapy and Family Support
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) can help children manage mood swings.
- Family therapy is beneficial, as bipolar disorder can impact family dynamics. Siblings may feel neglected, and parents may experience stress during manic episodes. Open communication and support can strengthen the family unit.
School Support
Children with bipolar disorder may require special accommodations in school. Consider working with teachers to:
- Adjust workload during difficult periods
- Allow breaks or flexible deadlines
- Provide a supportive, structured environment
Taking Threats Seriously
If your child expresses thoughts of self-harm or suicide, take it seriously. Seek help immediately by contacting their healthcare provider, a crisis hotline, or emergency services. Early intervention is critical.
Exploring Alternative Treatments
Some parents may want to research homeopathic and natural remedies under professional guidance. Options such as nutrition, supplements, and lifestyle changes have been explored for mood regulation, but should always be discussed with a doctor.
Staff Health Writer
University of California Health. (2025). Bipolar disorder and specified bipolar and related disorder study.
